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Withtheincreasingdeploymentofplanningandschedulingsystems,developers oftenhavetodealwithverylargesearchspaces,real-timeperformancedemands, anddynamicenvironments. Completere?nementmethodsdonotscalewell,- kinglocalsearchmethodstheonlypracticalalternative. Adynamicenvironment alsopromotestheapplicationoflocalsearch,thesearchheuristicsnotnormally beinga?ectedbymodi?cationsofthesearchspace. Furthermore,localsearchis wellsuitedforanytimerequirementsbecausetheoptimizationgoalisimproved iteratively. Suchadvantagesareo?setbytheincompletenessofmostlocalsearch methods,whichmakesitimpossibletoprovetheinconsistencyoroptimalityof thesolutionsgenerated. Popularlocalsearchapproachesincludeevolutionary- gorithms,simulatedannealing,tabusearch,min-con?icts,GSAT,andWalksat. The?rstarticleinthisbook-aninvitedcontributionbyStefanVoss-givesan overviewofthesemethods. ThebookisbasedonthecontributionstotheWorkshoponLocalSearchfor Planning&Scheduling,heldonAugust21,2000atthe14thEuropeanCon- renceonArti?cialIntelligence(ECAI2000)inBerlin,Germany. Theworkshop broughttogetherresearchersfromtheplanningandschedulingcommunitiesto explorethesetopicswithrespecttolocalsearchprocedures.Aftertheworkshop, asecondreviewprocessresultedinthecontributionstothepresentvolume. Voss'soverviewisfollowedbytwoarticles,byHamiezandHaoandGerevini andSerina,onspeci?c"classical"combinatorialsearchproblems. Thearticleby HamiezandHaoaddressestheproblemofsports-leaguescheduling,presenting results achieved by a tabu search method based on a neighborhood of value swaps. GereviniandSerina'sarticleaddressesthetopicthatdominatestherest ofthebook:actionplanning. Itbuildsontheirpreviousworkonlocalsearch onplanninggraphs,presentinganewsearchguidanceheuristicwithdynamic parametertuning. Thenextsetofarticlesdealwithplanningsystemsthatareabletoinc- porateresourcereasoning. The?rstarticle,ofwhichIamtheauthor,makesit clearwhyconventionalplanningsystemscannotproperlyhandleplanningwith resourcesandgivesanoverviewoftheconstraint-basedExcaliburagent'spl- ningsystem,whichdoesnothavetheserestrictions. Thenextthreearticlesare aboutNASAJPL'sASPEN/CASPERsystem. The?rstone-byChien,Knight, andRabideau-focusesonthereplanningcapabilitiesoflocalsearchmethods, presentingtwoempiricalstudiesinwhichacontinuousplanningprocessclearly outperformsarestartstrategy.Thenextarticle,byEngelhardtandChien,shows howlearningcanbeusedtospeedupthesearchforaplan. Thegoalisto?nda setofsearchheuristicsthatguidethesearchaswellaspossible. Thelastarticle inthisblock-byKnight,Rabideau,andChien-proposesanddemonstrates, a technique for aggregating single search moves so that distant states can be reachedmoreeasily. VI Preface Thelastthreearticlesinthisbookaddresstopicsthatarenotdirectlyrelated tolocalsearch,butthedescribedmethodsmakeverylocaldecisionsduringthe search. RefanidisandVlahavasdescribeextensionstotheGRTplanner,e. g. ,a hill-climbingstrategyforactionselection. Theextensionsresultinmuchbetter performancethanwiththeoriginalGRTplanner. Thesecondarticle-byO- india, Sebastia, and Marzal - presents a planning algorithm that successively re?nes a start graph by di?erent phases, e. g. , a phase to guarantee comp- teness. Inthelastarticle,HiraishiandMizoguchipresentasearchmethodfor constructingaroutemap. Constraintswithrespecttomemoryandtimecanbe incorporatedintothesearchprocess. Iwishtoexpressmygratitudetothemembersoftheprogramcommittee, whoactedasreviewersfortheworkshopandthisvolume.Iwouldalsoliketo thank all those who helped to make this workshop a success - including, of course,theparticipantsandtheauthorsofpapersinthisvolume. June2001 AlexanderNareyek WorkshopChair ProgramCommittee EmileH. L. Aarts PhilipsResearch Jos'eLuisAmbite Univ. ofSouthernCalifornia BlaiBonet UniversityofCalifornia RonenI. Brafman Ben-GurionUniversity SteveChien NASAJPL AndrewDavenport IBMT. J. Watson AlfonsoGerevini Universit'adiBrescia HolgerH. Hoos Univ. ofBritishColumbia AlexanderNareyek GMDFIRST AngeloOddi IP-CNR Mar'?aC. Ri? Univ. T'ec. Fed. SantaMar'?a BartSelman CornellUniversity EdwardTsang UniversityofEssex TableofContents InvitedPaper Meta-heuristics:TheStateoftheArt...1 StefanVoss CombinatorialOptimization SolvingtheSportsLeagueSchedulingProblemwithTabuSearch ...24 Jean-PhilippeHamiez,Jin-KaoHao LagrangeMultipliersforLocalSearchonPlanningGraphs ...37 AlfonsoGerevini,IvanSerina PlanningwithResources BeyondthePlan-LengthCriterion ...55 AlexanderNareyek AnEmpiricalEvaluationoftheE?ectiveness ofLocalSearchforReplanning ...79 SteveChien,RussellKnight,GreggRabideau Board-LayingTechniquesImproveLocalSearch inMixedPlanningandScheduling ...95 RussellKnight,GreggRabideau,SteveChien EmpiricalEvaluationofLocalSearchMethods forAdaptingPlanningPoliciesinaStochasticEnvironment...108 BarbaraEngelhardt,SteveChien RelatedApproaches TheGRTPlanner:NewResults ...120 IoannisRefanidis,IoannisVlahavas IncrementalLocalSearchforPlanningProblems...139 EvaOnaindia,LauraSebastia,EliseoMarzal MapDrawingBasedonaResource-ConstrainedSearch foraNavigationSystem ...158 HironoriHiraishi,FumioMizoguchi AuthorIndex ...171 Meta-heuristics:TheStateoftheArt StefanVoss TechnischeUniversit..atBraunschweig Institutfur .. Wirtschaftswissenschaften Abt-Jerusalem-Strasse7 D-38106Braunschweig,Germany stefan. voss@tu-bs. de Abstract.

Wolverine wakes to find himself locked in a padded cell in a heavily guarded insane asylum. With no memory of how he got there, or even who he is, Wolverine is at the mercy of the mysterious Dr. Rottwell and his sadistic guards. As Wolverine struggles to uncover who he is, it is clear the Dr. Rottwell's agenda is far from altruistic. One of the most remarkable documents to have come down from classical Islamic civilization, this autobiography of the most influential thinker of medieval Islam (1058-1111) describes his education and his intellectual crisis, which left him Local Search for Planning and Scheduling: ECAI 2000 Workshop, Berlin, Germany, August 21, 2000 - Revised Papers : ECAI 2000 Workshop, Berlin, Germany, August 21, 2000, Revised Papers ebook pdf so paralyzed by doubt that he was forced to resign the most distinguished academic appointment. His faith returned after years of wandering and seeking, during which he achieved direct knowledge of God in the form of the illuminative experience of the Sufis. Among his most outstanding contributions to Muslim intellectual life were masterly defenses of Islamic orthodoxy, mysticism, and law, against the attacks of those who advocated purely legalistic, or entirely esoteric, readings of the religion. He hence articulated the Islam of the middle way, in balance between the extremes of the letter and the spirit. As such, his works have become a manifesto for modern Muslims struggling against extremist and hence heterodox readings of the faith.

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Author: Alexander Nareyek
Number of Pages: 176 pages
Published Date: 01 Dec 2001
Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Publication Country: Berlin, Germany
Language: English
ISBN: 9783540428985
Download Link: Click Here
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